What are the factors closely related to the incidence of coronary heart disease?

 What are the factors closely related to the incidence of coronary heart disease?

What are the factors closely related to the incidence of coronary heart disease? Xiaobian of medical education network has specially sorted out the causes of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease as follows. I hope it will be helpful for candidates to prepare for the examination and review.

A large number of epidemiological studies on coronary atherosclerotic heart disease show that the following factors are closely related to the incidence of coronary heart disease. These factors are called coronary heart disease susceptibility factors (also known as risk factors):

hypertension

Hypertension is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. Hypertension patients with coronary heart disease are four times higher than those with normal blood pressure. 60% ~ 70% of patients with coronary heart disease suffer from hypertension. The changes of shear stress and lateral wall pressure during the increase of arterial pressure cause intimal injury. At the same time, the increase of blood pressure promotes the infiltration of plasma lipids into intimal cells, resulting in platelet accumulation and smooth muscle cell proliferation and atherosclerosis.

Diabetes

Diabetes is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. The risk of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients is 2 times higher than that in normal persons. The risk of coronary heart disease in women with diabetes is 3 times higher than that in men, and is prone to heart failure, death and death. In hyperglycemia, the glycosylated low-density lipoprotein in blood increases, which inhibits the degradation and metabolism through the low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway; At the same time, hyperglycemia also damages the intima of blood vessels, together with diabetes often accompanied by abnormal lipid metabolism, so diabetes is prone to coronary heart disease.

smoke

Smoking is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. The prevalence of coronary heart disease in smokers is 5 times higher than that in non-smokers, and is directly proportional to the amount of smoking. Smokers' blood carbon monoxide, blood red egg carbon hemoglobin increased, and nicotine in smoke constricted blood vessels, resulting in arterial wall hypoxia and arterial damage.

Hyperlipidemia

Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. The risk of coronary heart disease in patients with hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol > 6.76 mmol / L, low density lipoprotein cholesterol > 4.42 mmol / L) was 5 times higher than that in normal patients (total cholesterol < 5.2 mmol / L). Recent studies have shown that hypertriglyceridemia is also an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. HDL has a protective effect on coronary heart disease, and those whose value is reduced are prone to coronary heart disease. The ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol is less than 0.15, which is a valuable predictor of coronary atherosclerosis. Recent studies have found that serum α- Lipoprotein [Lp]（ α）] Elevated concentration (> 0.3g / L) was also an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Age

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is more common in people over the age of 40. The incidence of atherosclerosis can start in children, and the incidence rate of coronary heart disease increases with age.

Gender

The incidence rate of male and female is about 2: 1. Because estrogen has anti atherosclerosis effects, the incidence rate of menopausal women is increasing rapidly.

Obesity and too little exercise

① Standard weight (kg) = height (CM) - 105 (or 110). ② Body mass index = body weight (kg) / (height m) 2. Those who exceed the standard body weight by 20% or body mass index > 24 are called obesity. Obesity is not as important as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, but obesity can indirectly influence coronary heart disease by promoting the occurrence and development of these three factors. Exercise can regulate and improve vascular endothelial function, promote the establishment of coronary collateral circulation in patients with coronary heart disease, and less exercise is easy to cause obesity. Therefore, we should fully realize the urgency of treating obesity and the importance of increasing exercise.

family history

The incidence rate of coronary heart disease is increased with coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and family history of hyperlipidemia.

Individual type

People with type a personality (competitive and competitive) have a higher prevalence of coronary heart disease, and people with excessive mental tension are also prone to disease. It may be related to the long-term high concentration of catecholamines in the body.