Health regimen

 What is the etiology and clinical manifestation of condyloma acuminatum（ Infectious diseases) 1. Etiology Genital condyloma acuminatum is a squamous epithelial proliferative verrucous lesion caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The incidence rate is second only to gonorrhea, ranking second. It is mainly related to low-risk human papillomavirus 6 and 11 infection; The high-risk type is related to reproductive tract malignant tumors. High risk factors: ① early sexual intercourse and multiple sexual partners; ② Low immunity; ③ Smoking; ④ High sex hormone levels. 2. Clinical manifestations (1) Vulva pruritus, burning pain or pain and discomfort after sexual intercourse. (2) Skin lesions often occur in the vulva that is easy to be damaged during sexual intercourse. 1) At the initial stage, it is scattered or clustered pink or white small papillary warts with soft and fine finger like protrusions. 2) The lesions were enlarged and fused with each other, in the shape of chicken...

 Pulmonary edema was diagnosed according to medical history, clinical symptoms, signs and X-ray table According to the medical history, clinical symptoms, signs and X-ray manifestations, the general clinical diagnosis is not difficult. However, there is still a lack of satisfactory and reliable methods for early quantitative diagnosis of pulmonary edema. The clinical symptoms and signs are used as the diagnostic basis, and the sensitivity is low. When the extravascular fluid of the lung increases by 60%, the abnormal signs appear clinically. X-ray examination showed abnormal shadow only when the lung water volume increased by more than 30%. CT and MRI are helpful in the quantitative diagnosis and differentiation of pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema. Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure pulmonary capillary wedge pressure gradient, radionuclide scanning, indicator dilution method for the determination of extravascular fluid and chest electrical impedance are helpful for early dia...

 What is the cause of infertility? Man's reason and woman's reason Etiology of infertility Both men and women should consider that as long as one factor in the pregnancy conditions is abnormal, it can hinder pregnancy. Man's reason The cause of infertility in men accounts for about 40%. ① Affect spermatogenesis: such as congenital testicular dysplasia or cryptorchidism, no spermatogenesis, or acquired inflammation, such as tuberculous orchitis or varicocele, affect spermatogenesis. ② Affect sperm transport: epididymal diseases or congenital vas deferens obstruction affect sperm excretion. ③ Affect semen entering the cervical canal: if the penis is too short, hypospadias, premature ejaculation, impotence, etc., it can affect sexual intercourse. Semen cannot be injected into the vagina and reach the cervix. ④ Abnormal semen: such as dead semen, sperm incompetence, semen thickening, etc. Woman's reason The causes of infertility in women account for about 45%. ① Affect egg ...

 Endometritis symptoms Acute endometritis In the acute stage of endometritis, endometrial congestion, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and suppuration in severe cases. The main manifestations of acute endometritis are fever, lower abdominal pain, increased leucorrhea, sometimes bloody or malodorous, sometimes slightly larger uterus and tenderness of uterus. Chronic patients also have basically the same performance, but also have menorrhagia, lower abdominal pain and obvious lumbosacral distention. Acute endometritis can further develop into uterine myositis, salpingitis and pelvic inflammation, aggravating the condition. In addition to the main application of antibiotics, obvious inducements must be removed during treatment, such as removal of intrauterine device, removal of residual placental tissue and endometrial polyps in uterine cavity, and corresponding treatment should be done according to the situation when there is submucosal myoma or endometrial cancer. Those with u...

 Clinical manifestations of acute salpingitis Etiology of acute salpingitis 1. Pathogens of pathogenic microorganisms STD, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma, viruses, etc; Nonspecific bacteria include cocci, Escherichia coli and anaerobic bacteria. It is often a mixed infection of multiple pathogenic microorganisms. 2. Weakened body resistance (1) After abortion, postpartum, menstrual period and other systemic and local resistance is low. (2) The measures to prevent and treat infection during invasive examination or treatment are not strict, such as diagnostic curettage, cervicitis treatment, hysterosalpingolysis, IUD implantation, etc. (3) Infection is caused by inflammation of adjacent tissues and organs, mainly by retrograde infection of reproductive tract inflammation, such as cervicitis and endometritis; Also seen in suppurative appendicitis, peritonitis spread to the fallopian tube and other pelvic reproductive organs. (4) Sexually transmitted d...

 The main clinical manifestation of acute peritonitis is peritoneal irritation in the early stage

 Laboratory examination of septic shock Laboratory examination of septic shock （1） The white blood cell count of hemogram mostly increased, neutrophils increased, toxic particles and nuclear left shift. Hematocrit and increased hemoglobin are signs of blood concentration. In the late stage of shock, platelet count decreased and coagulation time prolonged, suggesting the occurrence of DIC. （2） Urine routine can have a small amount of protein, red blood cells and tube type. When acute renal failure occurs, the specific gravity of urine changes from high in the initial stage to low and fixed; The ratio of urine / blood osmotic pressure was less than 1.5; If the ratio of urinary and blood creatinine concentration is less than 10:1, the urinary excretion is normal or high. （3） For etiological examination, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool and purulent focus exudate (including anaerobic culture) were taken for culture before the application of antibiotics. Those with positive cult...

 Clinical manifestations of subacute infective endocarditis [clinical manifestations of subacute infective endocarditis] Most cases have slow onset, low fever, fatigue and fatigue, and a few have acute onset, chills, high fever or embolism. Some patients have a history of oral surgery, respiratory infection, abortion or delivery before onset. 1、 Fever caused by systemic infection is the most common, often with unexplained continuous fever for more than a week, irregular low fever, mostly between 37.5 ℃ - 39 ℃, intermittent fever or relaxation fever, accompanied by fatigue, night sweat, progressive anemia, splenomegaly, and clubbing fingers in the late stage. 2、 The heart shows inherent signs of heart disease. Due to the growth or fall off of vegetations, the destruction of valves and tendons, murmurs are changeable, or new murmurs appear. If there is no murmur, endocarditis can not be excluded, and heart failure can occur in the late stage. When the infection affects the atrioventr...

 Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of giant cell arteritis -- clinical medical theory Unexplained fever, burnout, weight loss, anemia and ESR > 50mm / h in the elderly over 50 years old; Recent headache and visual impairment (blackness, blurred vision, diplopia and blindness); Or other signs of insufficient blood supply of cranial artery, such as intermittent arterial disorder of masticatory muscle, tinnitus, vertigo, etc; Or PMR syndrome should be suspected, and further examination, such as temporal arteriography and temporal artery embolus, should be carried out to determine the diagnosis. If conditions do not permit, glucocorticoid treatment can be tried out after excluding other rheumatic diseases. GCA should be distinguished from other vascular inflammatory diseases: 1. Nodular polyarteritis The disease mainly invades small and medium-sized arteries, such as renal artery, celiac artery or mesenteric artery, and rarely involves temporal artery. 2. Allergic vasculitis The ...

 Can pregnant men be vaccinated with the new crown vaccine? Whether men can take the new crown vaccine during pregnancy preparation, the current preliminary data have no relevant evidence to support that it is safe for men to take the new crown vaccine during pregnancy preparation, but there is no data that vaccination during pregnancy will produce adverse reactions or have an impact on fertility, so it is still a question that cannot be answered definitely. However, from the comprehensive analysis of the application of other vaccines and the R & D principle of the new crown vaccine, the vaccination of the new crown vaccine during pregnancy only stimulates the body to produce protective antibodies and will not lead to some diseases, so it will not lead to some special hazards. Because the safety of the vaccine is relatively high, it should not have too obvious impact on reproduction, These also need the support of a large number of follow-up clinical data. Can pregnant men ...

 Psychological nursing of cor pulmonale Psychological nursing of cor pulmonale: 1. Establish a good nurse patient relationship and in-depth psychological communication. Good nurse patient relationship itself has therapeutic significance. Talk more with patients, understand their psychological state, win the trust of patients with excellent attitude and skilled technology, and make them actively cooperate with treatment and nursing. 2. Be highly responsible for patients, think for them everywhere, and operate decisively and neatly. In case of emergency, be calm and calm, express confidence in words and deeds, and show no words and expressions detrimental to the condition. 3. Have compassion to treat patients as relatives. Patients who rely on psychological enhancement are in urgent need of family care and the care of medical staff. However, family care can only play a certain role in the patient's psychology, while the care and sympathy of medical staff can reduce or eliminate the p...

 Psychological nursing and rehabilitation nursing of patients with coronary heart disease In the 1990s, a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program focusing on exercise therapy was formed. The rehabilitation treatment of coronary heart disease is generally divided into three stages: acute (inpatient) stage, recovery (outpatient) stage and community (family) rehabilitation stage. Acute (inpatient) stage rehabilitation treatment scheme after the 1970s, early rehabilitation treatment was often carried out in the intensive care unit. 1. Psychological nursing of patients with coronary heart disease (1) Psychological nursing of anxiety: it is often seen in patients with the first onset of coronary heart disease, and may lead to complications and poor prognosis by activating the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis.  Because the arrhythmia of patients with coronary heart disease changes day and night, patients often have anxiety about whether their di...

 What are the factors closely related to the incidence of coronary heart disease? What are the factors closely related to the incidence of coronary heart disease? Xiaobian of medical education network has specially sorted out the causes of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease as follows. I hope it will be helpful for candidates to prepare for the examination and review. A large number of epidemiological studies on coronary atherosclerotic heart disease show that the following factors are closely related to the incidence of coronary heart disease. These factors are called coronary heart disease susceptibility factors (also known as risk factors): hypertension Hypertension is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. Hypertension patients with coronary heart disease are four times higher than those with normal blood pressure. 60% ~ 70% of patients with coronary heart disease suffer from hypertension. The changes of shear stress and lateral wall pressure during the increa...

 Principles of diabetes treatment Principles of diabetes treatment: Diabetes treatment is based on adherence to the principles of early, long-term, comprehensive treatment and individualization of treatment. The aim is to correct metabolic disorders, control blood sugar, eliminate symptoms, reduce or delay the occurrence and development of complications. 1. diet therapy is the most basic treatment for diabetes. The goal is to reduce the burden of pancreatic islets and control body weight. The principle is to eat a diet with low sugar, low fat, an appropriate amount of protein, high vitamins and high fiber, regularly and quantitatively, and limit the intake of total calories. 2. Exercise therapy exercise can enhance physique, improve health status, reduce blood glucose and reduce medication dose. It's best to start exercising 1 hour after dinner. Principle: step by step and long-term adherence 3. Medication (1) sulfonylurea: the main role of stimulating insulin secretion education n...