Female diseases

 Female diseases

    Women’s diseases are also called gynecological diseases. Commonly seen in women are gynecological inflammation, cervical erosion, cervicitis, female infertility, etc. As women, they should pay more attention to their own health. Women should treat themselves well to be beautiful and confident. To care about health, the first choice is to learn to understand health. Women's common problems will not panic when they are generally understood, and only when they are discovered in time can they be treated in time.

Classification of female diseases

Vaginitis is a common disease in gynecological clinic. The main clinical characteristics of urethritis are the change of leucorrhea and pruritus and burning pain of vulva. Sexual intercourse pain is also common. When infection involves the urethra, there can be symptoms such as urinary pain and urgency. Common vaginitis include bacterial vaginitis, trichomonal vaginitis, fungal vaginitis and senile vaginitis.

Cervical erosion is a frequently occurring disease in women. About 20% or more women suffer from this disease. There is a certain relationship between cervical erosion and cervical cancer, but it is not an inevitable causal relationship. Cervical erosion is a phenomenon of chronic cervicitis, which is characterized by bright red or pink spots around the cervix. Chronic cervicitis often occurs in married women, but unmarried people with asexual life history can also occur.

Menstrual disorder, also known as irregular menstruation. Common gynecological diseases. It is characterized by abnormal menstrual cycle or amount of bleeding, or abdominal pain and systemic symptoms before and during menstruation. The etiology may be organic lesions or dysfunction. Many systemic diseases such as blood diseases, hypertension, liver diseases, endocrine diseases, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, reproductive tract infection, tumors (such as ovarian tumors and uterine fibroids) can cause menstrual disorders.

Breast cysts, also known as milk stasis, are formed by the accumulation of milk in the breast due to the poor discharge of milk from a gland leaf during lactation. Clinically, the main manifestation is breast tumors, which are often misdiagnosed as breast tumors.

How to find common female diseases early

Cervicitis: early detection of gynecological physical examination

Cervicitis can occur in women of any age, both acute and chronic, of which chronic cervicitis is more common, commonly known as cervical erosion. Cervical erosion is caused by the immersion of inflammatory secretions and the shedding of cervical squamous epithelium, which is replaced by the columnar epithelium of cervical canal. Cervicitis is mainly manifested as excessive leucorrhea, yellowing, lumbosacral pain, cervical congestion, edema, pelvic falling feeling, postpartum bleeding, etc. it will be aggravated if it can not be detected and treated as soon as possible. A few will turn evil, and the harm is unimaginable. Nevertheless, women can find cervical lesions in time by performing cervical smear examination once a year. Electronic colposcopy can diagnose the degree of cervicitis and early malignant change. The treatment is effective and convenient.

Pelvic inflammatory disease: infertility may occur without treatment

The systemic symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease are not obvious. Sometimes there are low fever, low spirit, general discomfort, insomnia, falling and swelling of lower abdomen, pain, lumbosacral pain, irregular menstruation and so on. If not treated in time, it will often change from acute pelvic inflammation to chronic pelvic inflammation, leading to infertility, which makes women regret.

Voice of gynecological examination

The function of gynecological examination is to prevent and treat some gynecological diseases early. Many gynecological diseases have no early symptoms, and many women often feel very uncomfortable when they go to the hospital. As a result, they often lose the best treatment opportunity. It is reported that in foreign countries, women attach great importance to gynecological examination. Whether they feel uncomfortable or not, they will consciously and regularly go to gynecological examination; In China, most women have no such awareness of self-protection. In fact, gynecological examination is very simple. First of all, doctors should see whether there is tumor and inflammation in the vulva; The second is vaginal examination to see if there is deformity, inflammation and abnormal leucorrhea; Cervical examination should see if there is cervicitis, cervical erosion, etc; In order to prevent tumors, we also need to do a cervical scraping examination, that is, anti-cancer smear examination. If there is a problem, almost 90% can be detected by this method. In addition, gynecological examination also includes touch to check the size and shape of the uterus and whether the position of the uterus is normal; In some cases, the doctor will suggest B-ultrasound to check the uterine cavity. This series of examinations are routine, without any pain and harm to women's body.

The incidence rate of cancer is increasing gradually after the age of 35, so women over the age of 35 should check 1 times a year. But this does not mean that young women can be taken lightly, because the age of onset of many diseases is gradually younger. For unmarried women, due to the reasons involving hymen, vaginal examination is generally not done during gynecological examination.

Etiological speech

Mainly cold, dampness and heat (including bacteria and viruses), improper sexual intercourse, excessive childbirth, eating disorders, falling and flapping trauma can also be summarized in the scope of external causes. Women are mainly blood, blood cold is stagnant, and can appear late menstruation, hypomenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea and other diseases; Blood heat is reckless, which can cause premenstrual, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, menstrual vomiting and other diseases; Dampness and evil accumulate heat, which is easy to cause diseases such as diarrhea.

Common female disease symptoms

Irritability 1: vaginitis - itching

Vulva pruritus makes it difficult for female friends who suffer from it to sit and stand. Sometimes it itches badly. I can't help scratching it with my hand, but I have to consider the problem of "image", so I always make all kinds of indecent actions to solve the unbearable "itch", which brings a lot of inconvenience to work and study.

Irritability 2: cervicitis - dampness

The increase of leucorrhea will make women feel very uncomfortable. Too much leucorrhea will make women feel wet in their lower body and uncomfortable all over. What's more, it overflows on pants or skirts, that is, the use of pads doesn't work. The spots on clothes cause great psychological obstacles to women, and their self-confidence disappears.

Irritability 3: pelvic inflammation - pain

The pain of pelvic inflammatory disease will make women as dull as tarnished flowers in those days of each month. When the abdominal pain is serious, you can't even work and study normally.

History collection and diagnosis

1. General items

Including the patient's name, gender, age, native place, occupation, nationality, address, date of admission, date of medical record, and the person who stated the medical history. If it is not the patient's statement, the relationship between the presenter and the patient shall be indicated.

2. Principal complaint

The main symptoms and course of disease should be listed simply and clearly. It is required to preliminarily estimate the approximate scope of the disease through the main complaint. The common clinical symptoms of gynecology include vulvar pruritus, vaginal bleeding, increased leucorrhea, amenorrhea, lower abdominal pain, lower abdominal mass and infertility. If the patient has three main symptoms of amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, the main complaint should also be written as: amenorrhea X × Later, vaginal bleeding × Day, abdominal pain × Day. If the patient has no conscious discomfort. Only early cervical cancer was found during gynecological census. The main complaint should be written as follows: cervical cancer was found during census × Day.

3. Current medical history

It is the main part of the medical history and should be described in detail. The current medical history includes the whole process of disease occurrence, development and treatment from the earliest onset to the time of hospitalization. Generally, the main complaint symptoms should be described in chronological order. First, ask whether there is an inducement, the specific time and urgency of onset, and the location, nature, duration and severity of the main symptoms; Then understand the development and evolution of the disease, whether it is continuous or intermittent, whether it is progressive aggravation or gradual remission, the diagnosis and treatment process, treatment effect and side effects after the onset of the disease. In addition to the main symptoms, we should also ask in detail whether there are accompanying symptoms and their occurrence time, characteristics and evolution process, especially the relationship with the main symptoms. In addition, the general conditions of the patient, such as appetite, defecation, weight change, chills and fever, should be asked and recorded. For the relevant symptoms with differential significance, even if they are negative, they should be written in the current medical history.

4. Menstrual history menarche age

Menstrual cycle and duration. For example, menarche at the age of 14, menstruation lasts for 5 days every 28-30 days. It can be abbreviated as 14 Lei -! noodles; How much is the amount of menstruation each time (you can ask how many times you change sanitary napkins every day), whether there is blood clot, whether there is discomfort before menstruation (such as breast swelling, edema, mental depression or irritability), whether there is dysmenorrhea, the location, nature and degree of pain, and the time of onset and disappearance of dysmenorrhea. The date (groan) of the next menstruation and its menstrual volume and duration shall be asked routinely. If the bleeding situation is different from the previous normal menstruation, the date of the next menstruation (PMP) shall also be asked. Postmenopausal patients should ask about menopausal age. Whether there is vaginal bleeding, increased leucorrhea or other discomfort after menopause.

5. Marriage and childbearing history

Marriage times and age of each marriage, whether close relatives are married (direct blood relatives and three generations of collateral blood relatives), the man's health status, whether he has a history of travel, sexually transmitted diseases and cohabitation, etc. The number of full-term births, premature births and abortions and the number of existing children. For example, there are 3 full-term births, no premature birth, 1 abortion and 2 existing children, which can be abbreviated as 3-0.1_ 2. Or only pregnancy. Production 3 (G4B) indicates. Mode of delivery, history of dystocia, birth status of newborns, and history of massive postpartum hemorrhage or infection. Spontaneous or induced abortion. Date of last delivery or abortion. What family planning measures are adopted and their effects.

6. Past health

What diseases have you suffered from, especially gynecological diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, intestinal tuberculosis, tuberculous peritonitis, hepatitis, cardiovascular diseases and history of abdominal surgery. In order to prevent omission, you can ask in turn according to each system of the whole body. In addition. You should also ask if you have a history of drug allergy and indicate what kind of drug you are allergic to.

7. Personal history, living conditions and living conditions,

Place of birth and former residence. Smokeless, alcohol and other hobbies.

8. Family history and family health status.

Whether there are genetic diseases in family members (such as hemophilia, albinism, J, genetic related diseases (such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, etc.) and infectious diseases (such as tuberculosis).

Prevention of female diseases

1. Exercise and eat a balanced diet, but eat foods with high sugar content.

2. Both couples should develop good hygiene habits, especially pay attention to the cleaning of sexual organs.

3. Develop good hygiene habits: do not use sanitary ware such as bathtub, bathtub and bath towel in public places, and wash hands before going to the toilet; Do not abuse dirty toilet paper; Wipe the vulva from front to back after defecation; Change underwear and dry it in a ventilated place; Their own pots and towels are for their own use; Underwear and socks are washed in different basins. Shower should be used for bathing.

4. Abortion and excessive number of births are also one of the causes of gynecological diseases. Therefore, excessive abortion, curettage and childbirth should be avoided.

5. Gynecological diseases should be surveyed regularly. Generally, married women under the age of 40 are examined once every two years, and women over the age of 40 are examined once a year.

6. Menstruation and 30 days after abortion are prohibited from having sex, which is easy to cause pelvic infection and blood reflux, endometriosis, and even infertility.

The harm of female diseases?

First, if gynecological diseases are not treated in time, it may not only lead to the mutual spread and cross infection of inflammation in various physiological parts, but also bring many complications, and even lead to malignant lesions in some parts.

Second, if gynecological diseases are not treated, the body will be in an inflammatory environment for a long time, which will have an adverse impact on immune function, metabolism and endocrine system, and do great harm to health.

Third, some gynecological diseases not only harm women themselves, but also affect their families. If pregnant women, they can also cause intrauterine infection, birth canal infection and other links to infect newborns, resulting in serious consequences such as abortion, premature delivery, congenital malformation and mental retardation.

Therefore, women should insist on physical examination. If they are found to have gynecological diseases or other diseases, they should go to regular hospitals for scientific and standardized treatment in time